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Pheromone traps can detect the arrival of pests or alert foresters to outbreaks. For instance, the spruce budworm, a destructive pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian forests for many decades.22 In certain regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of woods are coated with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the damage generated during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals visit or create their house in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban places. Some contaminate foodstuffs, damage structural timbers, chew through fabrics or infest kept dry products. Some inflict great economic loss, others take diseases or cause fire hazards, and some are only a nuisance. Control of these pests has been attempted by improving sanitation and trash control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing insects like insects and rodents. Historically, local people or compensated rat-catchers captured and killed rodents using dogs and seals.25 On a domestic scale, sticky flypapers are used to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects may be trapped using these means as pheromones, synthetic volatile substances or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; a few have a sticky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be murdered by suitably baited spring cubes and can be captured in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be used to establish routes employed by rodents inside buildings and acoustic devices can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, firearms have been one of the chief methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specifically made to fire .22 caliber snake shot or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for snakes, rodents, birds, and other insect. Garden Guns are short range weapons that can do little harm past 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively silent when fired with snake shot, compared to a standard ammunition.

They're also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shooter capsule is .22 Long Rifle loaded with #12 shot. At a distance of about ten feet (3 m), which is around the most effective range, the pattern is about 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter by a standard rifle. Special smoothbore shotguns, such as the Marlin Model 25MG can create effective patterns from 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which hold 1/8 oz.

Poisoned bait is a common method for controlling rats, mice, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other insects. The fundamental granules, or alternative formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so that the workers have time to take the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent further egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and household pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance to the anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 These are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up frequently.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals such as wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses however kill a vast range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a construction to kill pests like wood-boring beetles by sealing it or surrounding it with an airtight cover such as a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, typically of 2472 hours. This is expensive and inconvenient because the construction cannot be used during the treatment, but it targets all life stages of insects.33.

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An alternative, space treatment, is fogging or misting to http://innovativepestcontrol.com.au/ distribute a liquid insecticide in the air within a building without evacuation or sterile sealing, allowing most operate within the building to continue, at the price of decreased penetration. Contact insecticides are generally utilized to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of insect insects can at times be radically decreased by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a pest, sterilising it by means of X-rays or some other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It is particularly useful where a female only mates once and in which the insect does not spread widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, some species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.